Biofilms form when free-floating microorganisms attach to a surface and begin to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This sticky matrix of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids helps cells adhere to one another and to the surface, creating a structured, protective community. As the biofilm develops, more EPS is secreted, allowing the colony to grow in layers, exchange nutrients, and resist environmental stress. Our simulation models this process by visually representing how bacterial cells attach, secrete EPS, and gradually form a complex, resilient biofilm structure over time.
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